Documentation / Evidence / Accountability
Follow every figure back to its source. Citations are grouped by publisher, with the date, population, and review limits kept visible.
21 sources shown
Dates and places: ACS 2024 five-year estimates cover 2020–2024. City residents, school-district students, county residents, and metropolitan jobs are different populations. All charts show their geography and period.
Review labels: “Source checked” means displayed values were matched to a published source in this review. “Paper transcription” means values were retained from the research paper and were not fully reproduced independently. “Settings incomplete” marks exploratory Atlas observations with missing filters.
Uncertainty: ACS estimates have sampling error. The paper did not retain margins of error, so the site does not claim that every difference is statistically significant. Rounding can cause totals to differ slightly. An association between two characteristics is not proof of causation.
Using the visualizations: Change the measure, reorder the bars, or filter longer lists. Select a bar or point to read its details. Every chart includes an accessible table and a CSV download containing source and method notes. Embedded maps are live views supplied by CNYVitals and require internet access.
Citations: Press a numbered marker to open its MLA entry. Manuscript access dates are preserved where available; dates from this review identify sources checked on 29 September 2026.
U.S. Census Bureau. “QuickFacts: Syracuse City, New York.” U.S. Census Bureau, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/syracusecitynewyork. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
Household income, housing, computer access, and city context. QuickFacts combines multiple programs and dates; use the date attached to each measure.
Open original source ↗U.S. Census Bureau. “Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months.” American Community Survey, 2024 ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, table S1701, https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2024.S1701?g=160XX00US3673000. Accessed 18 July 2026.
Access date retained from the paper. Figures transcribed from pages 6–7; Census variable definitions reviewed on 29 September 2026. Margins of error were not supplied.
Open original source ↗U.S. Census Bureau. “Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2024 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars).” American Community Survey, 2024 ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, table S1901, https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2024.S1901?g=160XX00US3673000. Accessed 21 July 2026.
Access date from the paper. Distribution and mean transcribed from page 11. Median also matches QuickFacts. Dollar amounts are in 2024 dollars.
Open original source ↗U.S. Census Bureau. “Selected Housing Characteristics.” American Community Survey, 2024 ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, table DP04, https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP5Y2024.DP04?g=160XX00US3673000. Accessed 18 July 2026.
Access date from the paper. Rent, value, and cost distributions: pages 8–10. Tenure counts checked against CNYVitals; median rent and home value match QuickFacts.
Open original source ↗U.S. Census Bureau. “Selected Economic Characteristics.” American Community Survey, 2024 ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, table DP03, https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP5Y2024.DP03?g=160XX00US3673000. Accessed 14 July 2026.
Paper pages 4–5. Civilian employed population and occupation groups. Population age 16 and older must not be labeled employed.
Open original source ↗U.S. Census Bureau. “Types of Computers and Internet Subscriptions.” American Community Survey, 2024 ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, table S2801, https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2024.S2801?g=160XX00US3673000. Accessed 18 July 2026.
Paper pages 7–8. Any subscription and broadband subscription are different measures.
Open original source ↗U.S. Census Bureau. “ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates.” American Community Survey, 2024 ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, table DP05, https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP5Y2024.DP05?g=160XX00US3673000. Accessed 18 July 2026.
Paper pages 11–12. Race counts exceed the total when added; they must not be interpreted as mutually exclusive shares. Publication of that draft table is deferred pending exact category verification.
Open original source ↗Central New York Community Foundation. “Syracuse.” CNYVitals Pro, https://pro.cnyvitals.org/profile/syracuse. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
Regional source profile. Specific indicators are cited separately below; their populations and years differ.
Open original source ↗Central New York Community Foundation. “3rd Grade Testing by School and Race.” CNYVitals Pro, https://pro.cnyvitals.org/profile/syracuse#scores-demog. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
Race and economic-group CSV exports checked. School district 97000US3628590; percent proficient at levels 3–4. Downloads retained in data/review.
Open original source ↗Central New York Community Foundation. “Public High School Graduation Rates.” CNYVitals Pro, https://pro.cnyvitals.org/profile/syracuse#graduation-rate. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
2025 Syracuse export: 901 graduates / 1,356 enrolled = 66.45%. Cohort duration is not specified in the export. The county comparison remains under review.
Open original source ↗Central New York Community Foundation. “Per Capita Income by Race Over Time.” CNYVitals Pro, https://pro.cnyvitals.org/profile/syracuse#income-per-capita. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
Group values transcribed from paper pages 16 and 33. The profile’s citywide $28,393 was checked. Historical nominal changes are not used to claim purchasing-power growth.
Open original source ↗Central New York Community Foundation. “Unemployment Rate by Race.” CNYVitals Pro, https://pro.cnyvitals.org/profile/syracuse#unemployment-demog. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
Paper page 15 supplies the group rates and participation figures. The profile’s 11.7% Black unemployment rate was checked. Other group transcriptions are labeled accordingly.
Open original source ↗Central New York Community Foundation. “Population Below the Poverty Line by Location and Race.” CNYVitals Pro, https://pro.cnyvitals.org/profile/syracuse#poverty-map. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
The official embedded map displays source-controlled geography and controls. It shows counts, not poverty rates. Historical group counts come from paper pages 17–18.
Open original source ↗Central New York Community Foundation. “Lead Exposure in Syracuse.” CNYVitals Pro, https://pro.cnyvitals.org/profile/syracuse#tract-lead-exposure. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
Tract CSV and source profile checked. Indicator threshold: 5 µg/dL or higher. The city profile reports 9.05%. Tested-child denominators and uncertainty are not in the downloaded table.
Open original source ↗Central New York Community Foundation. “Mental Health.” CNYVitals Pro, https://pro.cnyvitals.org/profile/syracuse#mental-health. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
The current profile reports 5.7 age-adjusted mentally unhealthy days in the past 30 days for Onondaga County. This is not a Syracuse city estimate.
Open original source ↗Central New York Community Foundation. “Asthma Incidence Among Children.” CNYVitals Pro, https://pro.cnyvitals.org/profile/syracuse#asthma. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
The source description identifies hospitalizations per 10,000 children ages 0–17. Its headline has an inconsistent percent sign. The paper’s claim that 10% of children were hospitalized is not used.
Open original source ↗U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Syracuse, NY Economy at a Glance.” U.S. Department of Labor, https://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.ny_syracuse_msa.htm. Accessed 30 Sept. 2026.
The paper used an August 6 extraction. The website uses the June 2026 column from the September 25 release for industry jobs and records revisions. June workforce counts were checked on 30 September: 318,900 in the labor force, 306,400 employed, and 12,500 unemployed. The draft’s counts correspond to May. Monthly metro measures are not seasonally adjusted.
Open original source ↗U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics.” U.S. Department of Labor, May 2025 estimates, https://data.bls.gov/oes/. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
Query: New York; Syracuse, NY (45060); cross-industry; May 2025. Annual means, medians, percentile wages, and 13 selected occupation employment estimates checked in the official query tool.
Open original source ↗Opportunity Insights, U.S. Census Bureau, and Brown University. The Opportunity Atlas. https://www.opportunityatlas.org/. Accessed 1 Sept. 2026.
Access date from the paper. Pages 28 and 35–36 contain approximate observations without complete filters. These remain labeled exploratory rather than verified geographic estimates.
Open original source ↗Opportunity Insights. “Frequently Asked Questions.” Opportunity Insights, https://opportunityinsights.org/frequently-asked-questions/. Accessed 29 Sept. 2026.
Neighborhood outcomes follow people by childhood location. Cohort, parental income, race, gender, and inflation year must be documented before comparing dollar values.
Open original source ↗Duru, David. Summer Economic Inequality Project. Unpublished research manuscript, 37 pp. PDF supplied Sept. 2026.
The Conclusions and Analysis categories on pages 30–37 organize this website. Paper transcriptions are distinguished from independently checked values. A page-by-page review and correction register are included with the project.
Read the manuscript review →RESEARCH REVIEW
The website follows the manuscript’s conclusion categories while correcting definitions and separating observations from claims the evidence cannot establish.
The paper labels $67,470 as the median. BLS identifies it as the mean; the median is $52,990. The selected occupation values in the paper also match means, so the site includes separate median and mean views.
Home health and personal care aides account for 27.689 jobs per 1,000, or about 2.77%, not 27.7%. The paper’s broad claims about occupational income shares and top-1% income are not supported by its tables.
34,927 units are renter-occupied; 34,001 pay cash rent. The rent-to-income ratio covers 32,700 households with a computable ratio. Owner costs are not rent.
The 18.3% attainment category includes some college and associate’s degrees. The 20.5% White poverty estimate is White alone, not Hispanic or Latino. Hispanic origin can overlap with racial groups.
Verified 2025 exports replace rounded paper scores, including the American Indian or Alaska Native ELA value of 41.7%. The district graduation rate is reproducible; the county comparison and dropout figure need a matching cohort and year.
June 2026 industry jobs use BLS’s September release. The source revises estimates, so some values differ from the August figures in the manuscript. Percent changes on the BLS page are year-over-year, not year-to-date.
The draft’s age table contains inconsistent counts, including the under-five entry and the age-65-and-older total. Those rows are not charted. National poverty values and city-versus-metro unemployment comparisons are withheld unless definitions and periods align.
Approximate ranges are retained as exploratory manuscript observations. Missing filters and tract lists prevent a reproducible map or area average. Claims attributing the outcomes to nearby employers are not established by these observations.
Lead figures use the source’s 2025 threshold and tract data. The asthma description is a rate per 10,000, despite an inconsistent percent sign in the source headline; the paper’s 10% hospitalization claim is not reproduced. Mental-health figures are county-level and lack a recorded collection year in the manuscript.
Business-ownership shares and the draft demographic population table require exact categories and denominators. The website does not assign identities to suppressed business data, infer causation from group comparisons, or treat hypotheses about government budgeting as established findings.